MNE 2025

Carbon Report

51st International Micro and Nano Engineering Conference

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15-18 September 2025
Southampton & Isle of Wight, UK
541 Participants
View Raw Data
Executive Summary
Total Carbon Footprint
364.29

tonnes CO2e

Per-Participant Emission
0.673

tonnes CO2e per person

Largest Contributor
90%

Transport

Offsetting Status
Pending

Strategy in development

Key Drivers Analysis

International air travel accounted for 91% of total transport emissions, making delegate travel to Southampton the dominant source of the conference's carbon footprint. With 541 participants traveling from multiple countries across Europe, Asia Pacific, Americas, and Middle East, the average flight distance significantly contributed to the overall emissions profile. The Gala Dinner's location on the Isle of Wight added local ferry and bus transport requirements for all attendees.

Emission Factors Source

All emission factors used in this report are sourced from the official UK Government greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting.

View DEFRA 2025 Conversion Factors

Data Transparency

For full transparency and audit purposes, the complete raw participant data used in this report is available for download and review.

View & Download Raw Data

Data Quality & Methodology

This report is based on 460 valid entries out of 541 total registrations. Emissions for 81 incomplete entries have been extrapolated using the average emission profile of valid participants. All calculations use emission factors from DEFRA 2025 guidelines and are subject to audit verification.

Travel Emissions
The largest contributor to conference carbon footprint
326.79

tonnes CO2e

Methodology & Assumptions

Transport emissions are calculated based on delegate-reported travel modes and distances. Return journeys are assumed for all delegates. Emission factors are sourced from DEFRA 2024 conversion factors.

  • International flights: undefined kg CO2e/passenger km
  • Domestic UK flights: 0.22928 kg CO2e/passenger km
  • National Rail: 0.03546 kg CO2e/passenger km
  • Average Car: 0.17304 kg CO2e/km
  • Local Bus: 0.10385 kg CO2e/passenger km
  • Ferry: 0.01871 kg CO2e/passenger km
  • Coach: 0.02776 kg CO2e/passenger km
  • All distances are one-way; return trips are calculated as 2x distance

Delegate Travel (Home to Southampton)325.97 t CO2e

Air Travel

~333 delegates • Avg 3,037 km one-way

296.72

tonnes CO2e

Train

~106 delegates • Avg 2,004 km one-way

15.04

tonnes CO2e

Car

~45 delegates • Avg 820 km one-way

12.69

tonnes CO2e

Bus/Express

~29 delegates • Avg 773 km one-way

1.26

tonnes CO2e

Local Transport (Organizer Arranged)0.82 t CO2e

Transport arranged by conference organizers for all 541 attendees from Southampton to Isle of Wight venue.

Ferry: Southampton → Isle of Wight

Return trip: 38.4 km (19.2 km each way)

Emissions:0.39 t CO2e

Factor: 0.01871 kg CO2e/passenger km

Coach: IoW Port → Gala Dinner

Return trip: 28.8 km (14.4 km each way)

Emissions:0.43 t CO2e

Factor: 0.02776 kg CO2e/passenger km

Emissions by Region

Asia Pacific

~102 delegates

243.19 t CO2e

Europe

~276 delegates

61.67 t CO2e

Americas

~8 delegates

11.80 t CO2e

Middle East

~7 delegates

6.55 t CO2e

UK & Ireland

~147 delegates

2.76 t CO2e

Accommodation
Hotel stays for conference delegates
18.53

tonnes CO2e

Methodology & Assumptions

Accommodation emissions are calculated based on the number of hotel nights reported by delegates. The emission factor represents average UK hotel energy consumption including heating, lighting, and amenities.

  • Emission factor: 10.4 kg CO2e per room per night
  • Based on average UK hotel energy intensity
  • Includes electricity, heating, water, and amenities
  • Assumes single occupancy rooms
Total Hotel Nights
1,782

nights booked

Avg. Nights per Delegate
3.3

nights per person

Emission Factor
10.4

kg CO2e/room night

Note: Accommodation data is based on delegate self-reporting. The 4-day conference (15-18 September 2025) typically requires 3-5 nights of hotel stay depending on travel arrangements.

Venue Energy (Estimated - Pending final data)
Electricity usage at the conference venue
1.15

tonnes CO2e

Methodology & Assumptions

Venue energy emissions are estimated based on typical electricity consumption for conference facilities of similar size. The UK grid emission factor is applied to all electricity usage.

  • UK Grid emission factor: 0.17700 kg CO2e/kWh (2025)
  • 4-day conference duration
  • Estimates based on 500-person conference venue benchmarks
  • Includes conference halls, exhibition areas, and common spaces
Lighting

Conference halls and common areas

0.212

1,200 kWh

HVAC

Heating ventilation air conditioning

0.620

3,500 kWh

AV Equipment

Projectors screens sound systems

0.142

800 kWh

Catering Equipment

Kitchen and food service equipment

0.106

600 kWh

IT Infrastructure

WiFi servers charging stations

0.071

400 kWh

Total Energy Consumption:6,500 kWh
Food & Beverage (Estimated - Pending final data)
Catering services for conference attendees
15.15

tonnes CO2e

Methodology & Assumptions

Food emissions are calculated based on meal types, dietary choices, and typical emission factors for catering services. Food waste is estimated at 15% of total food emissions.

  • Meat-based meals: 2.5-8.0 kg CO2e per serving (varies by meal)
  • Vegetarian meals: 1.2-3.5 kg CO2e per serving
  • Vegan meals: 0.8-2.0 kg CO2e per serving
  • Food waste: 15% of total food emissions
  • Local sourcing reduces emissions by 10-20%
Breakfast2,000 servings
Meat: 30%Veg: 50%Vegan: 20%
Lunch2,000 servings
Meat: 40%Veg: 40%Vegan: 20%
Coffee Breaks4,000 servings
Meat: 0%Veg: 100%Vegan: 0%
Gala Dinner541 servings
Meat: 60%Veg: 30%Vegan: 10%
Total Servings
8,541
Food Waste Emissions
1.976 t
Avg. Local Sourcing
53%
Materials & Waste (Estimated - Pending final data)
Conference materials, swag, and waste management
2.61

tonnes CO2e

Methodology & Assumptions

Materials emissions are calculated based on item weights and material-specific emission factors. Recycling provides a negative emission offset. General waste and food waste are estimated based on conference duration.

  • 541 delegate packs including badges, programs, and bags
  • Recycling offset: -0.2 kg CO2e/kg recycled material
  • Exhibition materials estimated per booth
  • Waste volumes based on 4-day event benchmarks
Conference Badge

541 pieces27.1 kg • 80% recyclable

0.095

t CO2e

Name Lanyard

541 pieces10.8 kg

0.063

t CO2e

Conference Bag

541 pieces162.3 kg • 60% recyclable

0.406

t CO2e

Promotional Flyers

2,000 pieces20.0 kg • 95% recyclable

0.024

t CO2e

Signage

50 pieces100.0 kg • 70% recyclable

0.300

t CO2e

Exhibition Materials

30 booths450.0 kg • 50% recyclable

1.260

t CO2e

General Waste

4 days600.0 kg

0.300

t CO2e

Recycling

4 days800.0 kg • 100% recyclable

-0.160

t CO2e

Food Waste

4 days400.0 kg

0.320

t CO2e

Total Weight
2570 kg
Recycling Offset
-0.160 t
Net Emissions
2.607 t
Digital Footprint
Digital infrastructure and virtual elements
0.06

tonnes CO2e

Methodology & Assumptions

Digital emissions are calculated based on server energy consumption, data transfer, and device usage estimates. Emission factors are derived from studies on ICT carbon footprint.

  • Live streaming: 0.036 kg CO2e per viewer hour
  • Video recording: 0.055 kg CO2e per session hour
  • Cloud storage: 0.0001 kg CO2e per GB per hour
  • Conference app: 0.008 kg CO2e per user hour
  • Website traffic: 0.0002 kg CO2e per visit
Conference App

Mobile app usage by attendees541 users

0.0346

t CO2e

Cloud Storage

Conference materials and recordings30 GB

0.0022

t CO2e

Email Communications

Pre and post conference emails5,000 emails

0.0200

t CO2e

Website Traffic

Conference website hosting10,000 visits

Verified by Ecograder
0.0020

t CO2e

Note: Digital emissions represent a small fraction of total conference emissions but are included for completeness. These estimates support potential future optimization of virtual conference elements.

Data Quality & Extrapolation
Transparency in data collection and emission estimates
345.32

tonnes CO2e

Methodology & Assumptions

Emissions are calculated from valid participant data and extrapolated to account for incomplete entries. The extrapolation assumes invalid entries have similar travel patterns to valid entries.

  • Total registrations: 541
  • Valid entries with complete data: 460
  • Invalid/incomplete entries: 81
  • Extrapolation factor: 1.1761

Emission Factors Source

All emission factors used in this report are sourced from the official UK Government greenhouse gas conversion factors for company reporting.

View DEFRA 2025 Conversion Factors

Raw Data Access

For full transparency and audit purposes, the complete raw participant data used in this report is available for download and review. This includes all valid and invalid entries with their respective travel modes and distances.

View & Download Raw Data

Data Validity Overview

85.0%
Valid

Invalid Entry Breakdown

Missing Origin76
Missing Distance2
Missing Transport Mode0
Invalid Data Entry3
Extrapolation Methodology & Justification
How we estimate total emissions from partial data

Methodology

1. Data Validation: Each participant entry is validated for: origin location, distance value > 0, and transport mode.

2. Raw Calculation: Emissions are calculated only from the 460 valid entries using the provided emission factors.

3. Extrapolation: To account for the 81 participants with incomplete data, we apply a linear scaling factor of 1.1761.

4. Assumption: We assume that participants with missing data have similar travel patterns (distribution of transport modes, distances, and accommodation nights) as those with complete data.

Raw vs Extrapolated Emissions

Raw (Valid Only)
Extrapolated (All)

Extrapolation Formula

Extrapolation Factor = Total Participants / Valid Participants

= 541 / 460 = 1.1761

Extrapolated Emissions = Raw Emissions × Extrapolation Factor

= 293.62 × 1.1761 = 345.32 tonnes CO2e

Caveats & Limitations

  • This extrapolation assumes missing data follows the same distribution as valid data
  • Local transport (ferry + bus) is calculated for all 541 participants
  • Accommodation extrapolation uses average nights per valid participant
  • Some invalid entries may be local participants who did not travel internationally
Valid Data Emissions
293.62 t CO2e

Based on 460 complete entries

Extrapolated Total
345.32 t CO2e

Scaled to all 541 participants